Data Summary and Discussion

The information introduced shows the sum charged on Mastercards by family units of a given size and salary. This information shows that while the sum spent by families changes relying upon the size and salary, the mix of both may likewise have a significant bearing on the measure of that household’s obligation. The obligation extend for the whole informational collection of 50 families is $1,864 to $5,678 every year, while the wages in the set range from $21,000 to $67,000 every year. The households’ estimates in this informational collection run from one (1) to seven (7). At the point when every factor is taken separately, one finds that each does to a huge expand anticipate the measure of obligation that the family conveys. What is explicitly appeared in this information is that family units will in general have a higher measure of obligation relying upon the quantity of people who live in the house, as it biggest families by and large convey an obligation sum that lies on the higher finish of the range. For instance, the normal obligation for the three seven-man families lies at $4,911, which is just around 700 dollars underneath the most noteworthy obligation measure of $5,678. The information likewise shows that the normal obligation for the five one-individual family units is around $2,781. Notwithstanding, what the information likewise shows is that despite the fact that obligation ascends as the family unit size ascents, it does as such at a diminishing rate. The way that the normal obligation for one-individual families is essentially higher than the lower end of the range exhibits that the low end may speak to an incidental sum, and without a doubt it does. This is the obligation conveyed by a two-man family. A superior correlation of the one-individual family unit normal obligation could be made with the determined obligation per head for the whole informational collection. The all out number of people in all family units is 171, and the complete obligation for all families is $198,203. The normal obligation per capita for this gathering of people is about $1,159. This, contrasted and the normal obligation for the one-individual family units, shows that the obligation for the one-individual families speaks to a lopsidedly high size of twice as much as the general per capita obligation. This may be clarified by the way that the fixed expenses for family units by and large remain moderately the equivalent paying little heed to what number of people may live in the house. Different variables that bear on this are incidental, for example, the spending designs and money related attention to the people in every family unit. In any case, another central point to consider in foreseeing family obligation is the yearly pay of the people inside each house. Which is a Better Predictor: family unit size or pay? In any case, further investigation shows that even family, without anyone else, doesn't foresee the measure of obligation well overall. Actually, the information highlights the way that family size predicts the yearly Mastercard charges superior to family salary. Glancing back at the past model, one sees a family unit that procures $26,000 delivering obligation similar to the vast majority of the better quality workers. Some portion of this obligation size must be credited to the way that the family unit gaining such a little salary in contrast with other family is confronted with the test of supporting seven people. Another family winning $23,000 bolsters six people and shows Visa charges of $4,127 every year. Different family units of similar profit ($21,000 and $27,000) show littler Visa charges of $2,448 and $2,477 individually, and this can be credited to their littler family measures. Blend of Household Size and Earnings The pay extend for the informational index has just been expressed as $21,000 to $67,000. The all out pay for this gathering is $2,174,000 and the normal salary is $43,480. The normal obligation for every family unit is $3,964 which falls around in the center of the $1,864 to $5,678 territory. In any case, what one notification is that however the normal obligation for the three 7-man families is demonstrated to be $4,911, the most noteworthy obligation in that section goes to the family unit with the most noteworthy pay. In this way, the $5,301 obligation goes to the family unit that procures $55,000 every year, while the most minimal obligation of $4,603 goes to the family unit that wins just $26,000 every year. This shows the blend of family unit size and family pay is a general better indicator of Mastercard charges that any of those factors alone. As per this, a family unit comprised of three people and procuring $40,000 should show a Mastercard charge inside the middle scope of about $3,800 †$4,100. This would be required to be equivalent to some other family unit of three people, yet marginally underneath those families of three that have higher profit. Other Data Necessary to Make Accurate Predictions Other data concerning these households’ credits, home loans, and neighborhood areas would likewise be mentioned of the customer. As indicated by the conversation above, however, no doubt regardless of the way that family unit size predicts the yearly Visa charges superior to family unit salary, different factors likewise influence the size of Visa obligation. What one notes is that the greater part of the low-gaining families do in any case show a lopsidedly higher measure of obligation than their partners of high-procuring families with comparative family unit sizes. Family units that, for instance gain twice as much as another don't for the most part show twice as much obligation in this informational index. Nor is this so for family units that have twice the same number of people. One supporter of this is the presence of fixed expenses, as referenced previously. Be that as it may, this doesn't represent all the errors. Along these lines, different components that may add to Visa charges incorporate the measure of past obligation, (for example, college educational cost credits, contracts, and so forth) that every family unit has caused. They may likewise incorporate the household’s demeanor toward its funds and toward obligation when all is said in done. Different variables include the average cost for basic items inside the geological territory of the specific family unit and the general way of life to which the family is acclimated. Work Cited Professor’s Name. â€Å"Data Sheet.† Name of Class. City: University, 2007.

The Importance of Marketing for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Importance of Marketing for Business - Essay Example In any case, Nike’s advertising achievement has more to it than simply limited time publicity. Nike gives its clients unquestionably something other than great athletic equipment. They ensure the client doesn’t simply wear his Nikes, he encounters it. Nike doesn’t simply advertise sports shoes or athletic wear; it showcases a lifestyle (Kotler). The Nike models demonstrates that through shrewd and imaginative promoting organizations can make an incentive for clients, construct solid client connections and catch an incentive from them consequently. The significance of showcasing to organizations: Helps organizations make an incentive for clients: Marketing helps a business in making an incentive for its clients. Most organizations today execute client driven advertising methodologies which permit them to make an incentive for target clients. The procedure can be better comprehended through the accompanying chart: 1 Companies today distinguish and select showcasing fragments, create items and promoting programs focused to each and concentrate on the purchasers who have more enthusiasm for the qualities that they make the best. They at that point settle on an incentive by separating the market offering and situating it in the brains of the objective clients. Assists organizations with making enduring connections: The client relationship the board some portion of promoting is tied in with keeping up and fabricating productive business connections by conveying prevalent client worth and fulfillment. Similarly as organizations are by and large selective about which clients to serve, they are serving the picked clients in an additionally enduring manner. Promoting today has become a craft of finding, holding and increasing beneficial clients Relating Directly: Apart from helping organizations associate all the more profoundly with their clients, advertising likewise encourages organizations interface with clients all the more straightforwardly. It assists clients with purchasing for all intents and purposes everything without heading off to a store through phone, on the web, mail request inventories and so on. Truth be told, such has been the achievement of direct advertising that a few organizations, for example, Dell just utilize the immediate channel to sell their items (Kotler). Social CRM: Marketing additionally assists organizations with building solid, enduring and gainful associations with clients through online life. The advantages that organizations accomplish by compelling utilization of online life are: 1. By successful utilization of online networking organizations can rapidly assemble a system of center clients and supporters (Richardson). The criticism that unwavering clients can give is amazingly significant to organizations and can here and there lead to significant enhancements in how a business offers an item or an assistance. Systems of steadfast adherents, for example, these can likewise enable the organ ization to discover new clients by alluding the company’s item or administration to other people in the event that they are satisfied with what they have found. 2. Internet based life additionally enables an organization to pull in more rush hour gridlock to its site. The more traffic the company’s site persistently gets, the higher its positioning develops among the web indexes (Richardson). High positioning with the web search tools, thusly, enables the organization to achieve better online introduction and perceivability. More traffic to the company’s site additionally enables the organization to spread data about new items and administrations speedier 3. Aside from drawing in valuable criticism social

Word of the Week! Sagacity Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Sagacity Richmond Writing Ive loved this word since early in college at UVA, where it was often used for that guy we always mentioned as though he were in the next room: Thomas Jefferson. Though his life and legacy have been fairly scrutinized by good scholarship since those days, both for his treatment of enslaved people and some of his impractical ideas about self-governance, no one I have met or whose work I have read doubts that Jefferson had as deeply a philosophical turn of mind as the French philosophes of The Enlightenment. But was he sagacious? Is sagacity the same as brilliance? The OEDs first definition, from a French word, floored and enlightened me. Though its obsolete, sagacity once related to having an acute sense of smell. That idea persisted through the 17th Century, when a more modern sense of shrewdness or sound judgement came into usage. Sagacity, then, has more to do with practical sensibilities than book learning. Meanwhile,  shrewdness itself, from a Middle English word, has never had a completely positive sense, morally. After reading Alan Pell Crawfords excellent  Twilight at Monticello,  Id argue that Jeffersons sagacity was limited. At the time of the Declaration, he smelled the times correctly. Later, he proved less sagacious in missing the religious changes as Anglican Virginians veered toward more conservative sects. Jefferson remained rather naive about the ways that enslaved peoples might be freed over time, and he underestimated the divisions that emerged in America by the 1820s. One might, looking at the evidence, say that while Andrew Jackson was far less educated than Jefferson, Old Hickory, with his many faults, was far more sagacious politically. And that in no way is praise for him or Jefferson. Let the scholarship speak for itself. I will be sagacious enough not to wade any deeper into those waters. If you have an interest in Crawfords book, Id start with this audio interview by the Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Please nominate a word or metaphor useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. Image mashup, from Creative Commons sources, by the author.

Management Of Capital Adequacy In Indian Commercial Banks Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2627 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The banking system is a vital part and decides the progress of the nations economy. Banks play an important role in the mobilization and allocation of resources in an economy. The sound financial position of a bank is the guarantee not only to its depositors but equally important for the whole economy of the nation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Management Of Capital Adequacy In Indian Commercial Banks Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Several committees have emphasized the need to improve the performance of the commercial banks. In India, the priorities in banking operations underwent far reaching changes since the banking sector reforms have been set in motion. In this paper, an effort has been made to evaluate the capital adequacy of the commercial banks in India with especial reference to the public sector, private sector and the foreign bank. The study is diagnostic and exploratory in nature and makes use of secondary data. The study finds and concludes that the above mentioned banks have significantly improved their capital adequacy norms. I. Introduction Capital adequacy is a mirror of the inner strength of a bank, which would stand it in good stead during the times of financial crisis. Capital adequacy may have a bearing on the overall performance of a bank, like setting up of new branches, fresh lending in high risk but profitable areas, manpower recruitment and diversification of business through subsidiaries or through specially designated branches, as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) could think these operational dimensions to the banks capital adequacy achievement. As per the RBI norms, through its direction in 1992, whereby each bank in India was required to meet the capital adequacy standard of 8%, the norms were fixed on the basis of the recommendation of the Basel Committee. Many researchers like Tyagarajan, M. 1975, Chidambaram and Alemelu (1994), Kaur and Bhatia (1998), Padmanabhan, K.1998, Desai and Farmer (2001), Edirisuriya and Fang (2001), Mittal (2001), Reddy (2004), Mohanty (2006), Syed Ibrahim, M.2010 and Mohi- ud-Din Sangmi and Tabassum Nazir (2010) have attempted to make a contribution in the field. Among all these researchers, no one has attempted to make the study of capital adequacy analysis exclusively up to the years 2009. It is against this backdrop that the present study has been undertaken to fill up this gap. II. Statement of the Problem Bank capital plays a very crucial role in the safety and soundness of individual banks and the banking system. Basel Committee for Bank Supervision (BCBS) has prescribed a set of norms for the capital requirement for the banks in 1988 known as Basel Accord I. Basel Committee has revised the guidelines in the year 2001 known as Basel II norms. These norms ensure that capital should be adequate to absorb unexpected losses or risks involved. If there is higher risk, then it would be needed to back up with capital and vice versa. All the countries establish their own guidelines through their central banks for risk based capital framework known as capital adequacy norms. Hence, capital adequacy measures the strength of the bank. III. Objectives of the Study The primary objective of this study is to analyze the capital adequacy of public sector bank (State Bank of India); to analyze the capital adequacy of private sector (Bank of Rajasthan); to analyze the capital adequacy of foreign bank (ABN Amro Bank) ; and to suggest measures, on the basis of the study result, to improve further the capital adequacy of the banks under study. IV. Hypotheses of the Study Hypotheses framed for the study are as follows; There is no difference in performance of CAR among these three banks (Ho); There is difference in performance of CAR among these three banks (H1). V. Methodology of the Study Methodology describes the research route to be followed, the instruments to be used, universe and sample of the study for the data to be collected, the tools of analysis used and pattern of deducing conclusions. For the purpose of the present study, ratios are used to evaluate the capital adequacy of the three banks. As far as the sample of the study is concerned, three banks were selected. The first one is State Bank of India (SBI) representing the public sector banks, the second one is Bank of Rajasthan (BOR) representing the private sector banks and the third one is ABN Amro Bank representing the foreign banks operating in India. The present study is diagnostic and exploratory in nature and makes use of secondary data. The relevant secondary data has been collected mainly through the data bases of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), various reports and other studies. Journals such as the Banker and the Journal of Indian Institute of Bankers have also been referred to. An attempt has be en made in this paper to examine the capital adequacy of the above mentioned three banks. The study, as limitations, is confined only to the capital adequacy ratios, for the recent six years period starting from the year 2004 to the year 2009. In order to analyze the data and draw conclusions in this study, various statistical tools like Descriptive Statistics and ANOVA-Single Factor have been done using EXCEL and SPSS Software. VI. Analysis and Discussion 1. Capital Adequacy Ratios of Tier-I and Tier-II Capitals of State Bank of India For computation of the capital adequate ratio, capital is classified Tier-I and Tier-II capitals. Tier-I capital comprises the equity capital and free reserves, while Tier-II capital comprises subordinated debt of 5:7 year tenure. The capital adequacy ratios of the bank (SBI) under study are given in Table-1. Table-1. Capital Adequacy Ratios of Tire-I and II Capitals of SBI Years Tier-I Capital Tier-II Capital 2004 8.34 5.19 2005 8.04 4.41 2006 9.36 2.52 2007 8.01 4.33 2008 9.14 4.40 2009 9.38 4.87 Mean 8.711667 4.405 S.D. 0.653006 0.928152 C.V. (%) 7.49 21.65 Source: Databases of Reserve Bank of India, 2009. It is exhibited in the table 1 that CAR of the Tier-I capital of State Bank of India has been increased from 8.34% in 2004 to 9.38% in 2009. But the Tier-II capital of CAR has been declined from 5.19% in 20041 to 4.87% in 2009. Tier-I capital of the CAR is found to be more consis tent as its CV is less than that of Tier-II capital. Hence, it is concluded that SBI has been quite successful bank so far as its Tier I and II capitals are concerned. In order to test whether the Tier-I Capital of the State Bank of India has the linear relationship with the Tier-II Capital, the CORRELATION tool was performed. The results are furnished in Table-2. Column 1 Column 2 Column 1 1 Column 2 -0.38145 1 The Tier-I and II Capitals of the SBI is very strong negative correlation as the linear correlation co-efficient is -0.38145. 2. Capital Adequacy Ratios of Tier-I and Tier-II Capitals of Bank of Rajasthan The year-wise CAR of the Tier I and II capitals of the Bank of Rajasthan are furnished in Table-3. Table-3. Capital Adequacy Ratios of Tire I and II Capitals of BOR Years Tier-I Capital Tier-II Capital 2004 8.35 2.83 2005 7.84 4.91 2006 6.90 3.70 2007 6.62 4.70 2008 6.10 5.77 2009 6.19 5.31 Mean 7 4.536667 S.D. 0.91089 1.086088 C.V. (%) 13.01 23.94 Source: Databases of Reserve Bank of India, 2009. The analysis in table 3 reveals that the Tier-I and II capitals of the CAR have not been successful. The Tier-I capital ratio has been decreased from 8.35% in 2004 to 6.19% in 2009. Whereas, the Tier-II capital ratio of the Bank of Rajasthan have shown up from 2.83% in 2004 to 5.31% in 2009. Tier-I capital seems quite consistent as standard deviation being only 13.01%. 3 Capital Adequacy Ratios of Tier-I and Tier-II Capitals of ABN Amro Bank The year-wise CAR of the Tier I and II capitals of the ABN Amro Bank are presented in Table-4. Table-4. Capital Adequacy Ratios of Tier I and II Capitals of ABN Years Tier-I Capital Tier-II Capital 2004 11.49 1.99 2005 7.89 2.66 2006 7.18 3.26 2007 7.33 4.01 2008 7.24 5.68 2009 7.48 5.23 Mean 8.101667 3.805 S.D. 1.679255 1.448485 C.V. (%) 20.72 38.06 Source: Databases of Reserve Bank of India, 2009. It is exhibited in the table 4 that CAR of Tier I capital of the AMN Amro Bank has been decreased from 11.49% in 2004 to 7.48% in 2009. But Tier-II capital ratios have been steadily increased from 1.99% in 2004 to 5.23% in 2009. The year 2008 registered a higher rate. It is found that Tier-I capital ratio is more consistent as its CV (20.72%) is less than that of Tier-II capital ratio (38.06%). 4. Overall Capital Adequacy Ratios of SBI, BOR ABN Amro Bank Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is the ratio which determines the capacity of a bank in terms of meeting the time liabilities and other risk such as credit risk, market risk, operational risk etc. It is a measure of how much capital is used to support the banks risk assets. Table-5 provides the CARs of the banks. Table-5 Capital Adequacy Ratios of the three banks Years SBI BOR ABN 2004 13.53 11.18 13.48 2005 12.45 12.75 10.55 2006 11.88 10.60 10.44 2007 12.34 11.32 11.34 2008 13.54 11.87 12.92 2009 14.25 11.50 12.66 Mean 12.99833 11.53667 11.89833 S.D. 0.908568 0.726104 1.294765 C.V. (%) 6.98 6.29 10.88 Source: Databases of Reserve Bank of India, 2009. Table 5 highlights the overall capital adequacy ratios of all the three sectors of banks. Both the public sector bank (SBI) and the private sector bank (BOR) have improved progressively but the foreign bank (A MN Amro. Bank) shows the unhealthy sign as it has been decreased from 13.48% in 2004 to 12.66% in 2009. Even though, CAR of SBI seems to be higher than that of other two banks in 2009, the BOR which seems quite consistent as the standard deviation being only 6.29. To test the differences in the CAR of the public sector bank (SBI), the private sector bank (BOR) and the foreign bank (ABN Amro Bank), Single Factor ANOVA has been performed. The Hypotheses framed are as follows: Ho: There is no difference in performance of overall CAR among these three banks; H1: There is difference in performance of overall CAR among these three banks. The test results are given in Table-6. Table-6 ANOVA-Single Factor. (CAR of SBI and BOR) SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Column 1 6 77.99 12.99833 0.825497 Column 2 6 69.22 11.53667 0.527227 Column 3 6 71.39 11.89833 1.676417 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 6.954544 2 3.477272 3.443821 0.058775 3.68232 Within Groups 15.1457 15 1.009713 Total 22.10024 17     The mean level of private sector bank- BOR, (11.53667) is less than that of other two sectors of banks namely foreign bank- ABN Amro (11.89833) and the public sector bank-SBI (12.99833). According to the test result, F=3.443821, with a critical value of. .05, the critical F=3.68232. Therefore, since the F statistic is less than the critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference in performance of CAR among theses three sectors of bank. VII. Findings and Suggestions The analysis and discussion in the proceeding pages reveal that the State Bank of India (SBI) ,being a public sector bank, has managed to do well in relation to the Tier-I and Tier-I capitals. It was found that there is no significant association between the Tier-I and Tier-II capitals of SBI. As far as the Tier-I and Tier-II capitals of the Bank of Rajasthan, being a private sector bank and the ABN Amro Bank, being a foreign bank is concerned, they have not shown significant performance. The performance of BOR and ABN Amro have been just the opposite as that of the SBI. Regarding the overall Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), the SBI registered increased percentage especially in the year 2007 and after. But, compared to SBI and foreign bank of ABN Amro, the Bank of Rajasthan seems quite consistent. It was also found that there is no significant difference in performance of CAR among these three sectors of banks. As far as the CAR is concerned, the managements of both the Bank of Rajasthan and ABN Amro Bank needs to increase the level of Tier-I and II capitals so that these banks could be at-par with the performance of capital adequacy of the SBI. VIII. Conclusion Banks have to disclose Tier-I and II capitals under disclosure norms in the balance sheet. They also have to submit a report on capital funds, conversion of on and off balance sheet items, calculation of risk weighted assets and capital to risk asset ratio. Under Basel II norms the prescribed capital adequacy norms in the case of scheduled commercial banks should be9%; for new private sector banks and the banks undertaking, the insurance business should be 10%. The higher the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), the stronger is the bank. However, a very high CAR indicates that the bank is conservative and has not utilized the full potential of its both the capitals. So far as CAR is concerned, all the three sectors of bank have managed their capital adequacy ratio well above the minimum standard 10% fixed by the Reserve bank of India (RBI). IX. Scope for Further Research Capital Adequacy ratio (CAR) is a ratio that regulators in the banking system use to watch banks health, specifically banks capital to its risk. Regulators in most countries define and monitor CAR to protect depositors, thereby maintaining confidence in the banking system. This research paper and its findings may be of considerable use to banking institutions, policy makers and to academic researchers in the area of banking performance evaluation with special reference to capital adequacy. X. References Avkiran, N.K. 1999. The Evidence of Efficiency Gains: The Role of Mergers and the Benefits to the Public. Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 23, 991-1013. Bhatia, S. and Verma, S. 1998-99, Factors Determining Profitability of Public Sector Banks in India: An Application of Multiple Regression Model. Pranjan, Vol.XXVII (4), 433-445. Chidambaram, R.M. and Alamelu, K. 1994. Profitability in Banks, a matter of Survival. The Banker, May, 18, 1-3. Das, Abhiman, 2002. Risk and Productivity Change of Public Sector Banks, Economic and Political Weekly, February 2. Dasgupta, D. 2001. Profitability of Indian Public Sector Banks in the light of Liberalization of Indian Economy: An Overview. The Management Accountant, Vol.36 (9), 693-698. Desai, B.H. and Farmer, M.J. 2001. Taxonomic Evaluation of Banks Profitability Perfornmance, ICWAI-The Management Accountant, 36 (12), 885-891. D Souza, Errol, 2002. How Well Have Public sector banks done? A Note. Ec onomic and Political Weekly, March 2. Edisurya, P. and Fang, V. 2001. Financial Deregulation and Financial Performance: A Comparative Study of Indian Banks and selected OECD Banks. Journal of Accounting and Fiancà ©, 15(2), 5-24. IBA (Indian BanksAssociation), 1999.Performance Highlights of Banks, 1997-98, Indian Banks Association, Mumbai. Indias Best Banks. 2002. A Survey. Business India, Nov.25 to Dec. 8. Karampal and Jasvir Sing, 2006. Efficiency of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in India-A Conventional Analysis JISM, 8M, October-December. Kaur, G. and Bhatia, A.S. 1998. Impact of SLR on Income and Profitability of Public Sector Banks in India. Political Economy Journal of India, 7 (1 and 2), 60-67. Koeve, Petya, 2003. The Performance of Indian Banks during Financial Liberalization, IMF working Paper No. 03/150. Mathur, K.B.L., 2002. Public Sector Banks in India: Should They Be Privatized? Economic and Political Weekly, June, 8. Meste r, L.J. 1996A Study of Bank Efficiency taking into accounts Risk Preferences, Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol.20, No.6, 1025-45. Mittal, R.K.2001. Performance Evaluation of RRBs: A case study of Hisar-sirsa- Kshetriya Gramin Bank. The Management Accountant, 36 (11), 833-844. Mohanty, B. K. 2006. Role of Loan Classification Norms and Legal Measures in NPA Management of Banks. The Management Accountant, 41(1), 7-12. Padmanabhan, K. 1998. Financial Sector Reforms and the Performance of Commercial Banks, Political Economy Journal of India, Vol.7, (1 and 2), 72-85. Professor Dilip Khankhoje and Dr. Milind Sathye, 2008. Efficiency of Rural Banks: The Case of India, International Business Research-CCSE, Vol-1, No.2. Prof. Dr. Mohi-ud-Din Sangmi and Dr.Tabassum Nair. 2010. Analyzing Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in India: Application of CAMEL Model Pak. J. Commerce. Soc.Sci, Vol.4 (1), 40-55. Rangarajan, C. 1995. Inaugural address at th e 18th Bank Economists Conference, Reserve Bank of India Bulletin, December, XLIX (12), Reserve bank of India, Mumbai. Reddy, G.S. 2004.Mnaagement of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Public Sector Banks, Journal of banking and finance, XVII (3), 17-21. Sinkey, J. and F. JR. 1998. Commercial Bank Financial Management. Prentice Hall International, Inc. 69-137, 238-260 Sankaranarayan, V. 1995. Performance of Public Sector Banks in 1994-95. IBA Bulletin, XVII (8), 46-48. Sathye, M. 2001. X-efficiency in Australian Banking: An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Banking and Finance, 25,613-630. Satyadevi, C. 2009. Financial Services-Banking and Insurance, S.Chand Company, ISBN: 81-219-3208-4. Subramanyam, G. 1993. Productivity Growth in Indias Public Sector Banks: 1979- 89, Journal of Quantitative Economics, Vol.9, 209-223. Syed Ibrahim, M.2010. Performance Evaluation of Regional Rural Banks in India, International Business Research-CCSE, V ol-3, No.4.October. Thakur, S. 1990. Two Decades of Indian Banking: The Service Sector Scenario, Chanakya Publications New Delhi, India. Tyagarajan, M. 1975. Expansion of Commercial Banking- An Assessment, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.10, 1819-1824.

Essay about The Internet - 1218 Words

The Internet Today the use of technology is tremendous. Almost every home has a computer and a way of communication like the telephone. Most have radios and satellites for cable television. To some people technology is all that they depend on for survival. I have learned that technology plays a huge role in every person’s life. The use of technology today has helped make life a little bit simpler and has changed our way of thinking. For instance, the Internet is a highly effective tool for communicating, for gathering information and for cooperation between dispersed locations. It has â€Å"negated the limitations of physical presence† (Shields 5). There is continuous development and improvement. The growing list of applications serves†¦show more content†¦The Internet has changed our way of thinking. It changed the way one can think about geography and global communication. Millions of people worldwide are using the Internet to share information, make new associations and communicate. Individuals and businesses, students and journalists, consultants, programmers and corporate giants are all harnessing the power of the Internet. For many businesses the Internet is becoming integral to their operations. Imagine the ability to send and receive data -- messages, notes, letters, documents, pictures, video, sound -- just about any form of communication, as effortlessly as making a phone call. It is easy to understand why the Internet is rapidly becoming the corporate communications medium (Whyte 338). Using the mouse on your computer, the familiar point-and-click functionality gives you access to electronic mail for sending and receiving data, and file transfer for copying files from one computer to another. Telnet services allow you to establish connections with systems on the other side of the world as if they were just next door (Black 11). At the tip of your fingertips, you have access to just about anything. The Internet has become our alternate brain . With the explosion of the World Wide Web, anyone could publish his or her ideas to the world. Before, in order to be heard one would have to go through publishers who were willing to invest in his ideas to get something put into print. With the advent of theShow MoreRelatedInternet Privacy And The Internet954 Words   |  4 Pagesunauthorized information by computer, but they actually make the internet a safer place. With the growth of the internet comes the growth of hackers and internet privacy. New laws that would increase internet privacy and, limit hackers would halt the internets growth and development. Since the year 2000, the internet has grown enormously we can all agree and with this growth comes a growth of internet users. 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With Internet use increasing at such rapid rates and a large proportion of adolescents using the Internet daily, the awareness of Internet safety should be addressed. The term Internet safety can be defined as â€Å"the knowledge of maximizing an individuals safety to private informat ion, and self protection from using the Internet†. The impact and influence thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The Internet1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe amount of revenue the Internet brings in a single year is has drastically increased in the past couple years and it will exponentially keep growing as the years go by. As people use the World Wide Web more and more, they look for ways to profit off of it by having advertisements and other types of promotion. Sites specifically made for people’s inputs run solely on how many active users are on the site. For example, YouTube and Facebook were made to have people post whatever one wants to uploadRead MoreThe Phenomenon Of Internet And The Internet992 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The phenomenon of internet is henceforth taking part of our everyday life. Several of our activities have been altered due to this technology of communication. Internet is both a worldwide mechanism of distribution of information and a means of collaboration and interaction between persons and their computer, regardless of the geographic location. Concretizing the famous worldwide network of communications conceptualised by J.C.R. Licklider[1], internet was so on the rise that we cannotRead MoreInternet Security And The Internet955 Words   |  4 PagesInternet security are such a big thing because many things are based off the internet. As in most of the storage is done off of cloud storage, so you don’t need lots of storage in your computer. Which makes internets unsafe because anyone could hack into your account and take your information. Like your bank account and your personal accounts that could really hurt you I the long run. Or someone could put a scam on a common we bsite that most people go on. And could hack everyone’s computer that hasRead MoreInternet Of Things : Internet1052 Words   |  5 Pages INTERNET OF THINGS: ï‚ ¥ Introduction: According to a survey, in 2008 the things connected on Internet were much more than the people living on the earth that time, and since now it has grew much larger. ï‚ ¥ What is Internet of Things? Mainly they refer to the devices which are able to collect and transmit data via Internet. Internet of things or simply IoT relay to the things. Basically ‘things’ which are physical objects and are though connected with each other through a communication network. TheRead MoreInternet Crimes And The Internet1719 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this research is to discuss about cybercrimes also known as internet crimes. The researcher has taken help from a number of online sources and a few books as well. Firstly, the researcher will discuss about cybercrime, how and when it came in existence. The researcher then will categorize cybercrimes into 2 parts, cyber abuse and cyber-attacks. This in turn has a few subtopics to follow. And lastly, the researcher will discuss prevention from these kind of attacks. TechnologyRead MoreInternet Addiction And The Internet924 Words   |  4 Pagesor two, Internet is a channel that promotes an access to information and communication. It is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world today. Now-a-days, an access to the internet has become easier than ever, whether we are using a computer, phone or tablets. There is no doubt that people are spending more and more time online. Because many people use the internet for their career and education, it is hard to differentiate between the normal usage and excessive usage of internet. We allRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The Internet1216 Words   |  5 Pages The internet since its creation was a promising tool. How that tool was to be used was unexpected. Today the internet has been used in knowledge and entertainment that exceeds a human being’s life span. The question lives with how affects the internet people sociologically, how are new generations using the internet compared to the generations were in its infancy? What are the pro and cons of the sociological effects of this vast tool? The internet is now also used to interact with people

Case Study 1 - Kfc in India - 1152 Words

Case Study 1 KFC in India – Ethical Issues 1. Since its entry into India in 1995, KFC has been facing protests by cultural and economic activists and farmers. What are the reasons for these protests and do you think these reasons are justified? Explain. No tolerance for ‘cruel multinationals’ was the main reason for the protests made by cultural and economic activists and farmers. Due to the economic liberalization policy of the Indian government during the early 1900’s, foreign fast food companies were granted permission to enter India. From the cultural and economic activists and farmers perspective there were numerous disadvantages with the opening of these fast food chains, in particular KFC. The main fear for nationalists and†¦show more content†¦Local businesses are also affected as it is hard to compete against a large international company. Angry farmers were led by Nanjundaswamy. The main reason for their protests was to go against the unethicality of promoting high processed ‘junk food’ in a poor country where malnutrition is already a major concern. An increase in the number of fast food stores also posed a threat to local agriculture (with the depletion of livestock) which 70% of India’s population depended on. 2. PETA has been protesting against KFC in India since the late 1990s. What are the reasons for PETA’s protest against KFC and how did KFC’s management react to them? Do you agree with PETA that KFC has been cruel toward the birds and hence it should leave India? The reason for PETA’s protest against KFC was primarily due to the inhumane treatment the chickens faced on KFC farms. Though other fast food organizations such as McDonald’s and Burger King had already ‘upped’ their standards regarding the treatment of animals, KFC had yet to do so. In these factories and poultry farms, birds were kept in very unhygienic conditions and treated cruelly. In the 10 minute video released by PETA in regards to these allegations, viewers witnessed birds living in overcrowded, crammed warehouses with barely any space toShow MoreRelatedKfc Marketing Strategies20155 Words   |  81 PagesI become a KFC franchisee? Initial Franchise Fee =   Monthly Service Fee (Royalties) =   Advertising = $45,000 (if you open a KT multi-brand restaurant, the fees will be $75,000)   5 percent (5%) of Gross Sales 5 percent (5%) of Gross Sales (Includes national and local contributions) The above amounts do not include the initial investment required to construct the restaurant building, training expenses, grand opening expenses or opening inventory. Please refer to the KFC Franchise DisclosureRead MoreCase Study1771 Words   |  8 PagesMcDonald’s – Business Strategy in India Case Study Abstract This case study discusses how McDonald’s India managed to buck the trend in a struggling economy, its early years and business strategy to get more out of its stores in India. The case also briefly discusses how McDonald’s adapted to local culture in India, its localization and entry strategy, its strong supply chain and pricing strategy. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. McDonald’s entry into India 3. Exhibit I: McDonald’s – CountryRead MoreCase Study1781 Words   |  8 PagesMcDonald’s – Business Strategy in India Case Study Abstract This case study discusses how McDonald’s India managed to buck the trend in a struggling economy, its early years and business strategy to get more out of its stores in India. The case also briefly discusses how McDonald’s adapted to local culture in India, its localization and entry strategy, its strong supply chain and pricing strategy. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. McDonald’s entry into India 3. Exhibit I: McDonald’s – CountryRead MoreKfc India4427 Words   |  18 Pagesinternationalisation of KFC into India, and will discuss the key issues that led to the successes and failures of their internationalisation process. From the outset, expanding into a foreign market such as India looked like it could only be accompanied by huge gains for KFC. A booming Indian economy and millions of the population hungry for consumerism meant that KFC could expand rapidly into the market to beat their competitors to the punch and capitalise on such a promising opportunity. Unfortunately for KFC, theyRead MoreKFC VS MCDONALDS5280 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION MCDONALD’S VS KFC McDonald’s and KFC are everybody’s favourite food trip destinations. When you like burgers, McDonald’s is always the top option. When you like fried chicken, KFC is always the first thing that comes to everyone’s mind. The reason for this is these companies claim of particular  products that have became their trademark until now. The difference between McDonald’s and KFC is mainly the cuisine. Read MoreScm of Kfc13161 Words   |  53 PagesManagement of KFC  -  December 29th, 2010 KFC Corporation (KFC), founded and also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky, in the United States. KFC has been a brand and operating segment, termed a concept[2] of Yum! Brands since 1997 when that company was spun off from PepsiCo as Tricon Global Restaurants Inc. KFC primarily sells chicken pieces, wraps, salads and sandwiches. While its primary focus is fried chicken, KFC also offers a lineRead MoreKfc Market Analysis6781 Words   |  28 Pages| KFC | |MM-1 Project Phase 23 | |By : Group 10 | Introduction The Indian fast food market has been witnessing rapid growth on the back of positive developments and presence of massive investments. Currently, market growth is largely fuelled by the rising young population, working women, hectic schedules, and increasing disposable income of theRead MoreKfc in Nepal3353 Words   |  14 PagesKFC in Nepal â€Å"KFC Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky, is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain, specializing in Original Recipe, and Colonel’s Crispy Strips ® chicken with home style sides and new freshly made sandwiches.† Everyday nearly, KFC serves eight million people in the world with the same old crispy crunchy recipe Sander developed more than half century ago. With their old recipe they are moving ahead in more than 300 countries serving their mouth watering dishes. TheRead MoreCase Study : Kfc s Original Product Essay3012 Words   |  13 PagesAssessment 1 Lecturer: Uswa Zahra Submitted by: Dave, Ada Steven I.D. no.: 1408266, 1308050 1401276 Question 1 1a. Give a brief introduction to the organization, covering relevant information such as its origins, the nature of its products or services, its customers, markets and country in which it operates. Answer: Origins: KFC is one of the American multinational restaurant chain, is also the world s second largest fast food and the largest Fried Chicken chain. KFC was foundedRead MoreTell Me What You Eat, and I’ll Tell You Who You Are1279 Words   |  6 PagesFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations show that consumption of rice in China has gone from 50 million metric ton in 1961 to 160 millions metric ton in 2002. Same increasing trend applies to the other countries of the Far East, India and South East Asia (â€Å"UNCTAD Infocomm Market information in the commodities area†). The new agro-industrial advancements have made this leap possible. William Marling emphasizes on the fact that babies raised in different cultures develop a sensibility

Research and Comply Regulatory Requirements †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research and Comply Regulatory Requirements. Answer: Introduction: In order to complete the task requirements needed to be complied with include the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act, 1991, The Liquor Act, 2010, Tax Assessment Act, 1997. Along with these the Work Health and Safety Act, 2011 and the National Employment Standards are also analysed. These acts are important as it helps in identifying any breach in the legal framework of the country and ensures that businesses are compiled keeping in mind the legal aspects. The penalties applicable for violating these acts may fluctuate management depending upon the level of offence committed by the individuals. The licensing and legal requirements that have been identified include the Sale and Supply of Alcohol, 2012. The act is an enactment of the Sale of Liquor Act, 1989 that repealed a former licensing act. Section 169(1) contains the legal requirement permits mentioned in the act (Legislation.act.gov.au 2017). The requirements stated in the Australia New Zealand Food Standard Code is that every food needs to be labelled or need to have adequate information about the ingredients that are used for manufacturing the food. The various state and local levels of Australia have requirements that are to be met in order to ensure that the legal aspects regarding food standards are not violated. These requirements include a date of manufacturing of the food item and the place form the origin of the food. Listing procedures and requirements to extend a liquor license In order to extend a liquor license, managers need to ensure that the company is registered with the Australian Business License and Information Service. The required fees need to be submitted in order to gain an extension of the legal license in the country (Infrastructure.gov.au 2017). Statutory provisions for liquor licenses are required in order to sell or conduct business related to liquor. A commercial practice of licensing is required in order to maintain the requirements of a liquor license. The licensing for a proper liquor store includes insurance that deals with the breakdown of equipment, income and extra expenses, electronic data and new buildings. These insurances help an organisation from managing the loss it may suffer from the sale of liquor. The tax obligations that comply with the Australian liquor store and restaurant is that the managers need to ensure every due is met in order to continue legal business. In the case of income purposes, no amount can be withheld that may pose problems in the court of law. Listing requirements to comply with National Employment Standards The requirements that need to comply with respect to National Employment Standards include the maximum weekly hours, flexible working environment parental leaves and so on (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au 2017). In order to ensure that the health and safety are maintained the managers need to establish requirements for incident notification, consultation with the workers and any issues that need to be resolved. The sanitation of the place also needs to be checked as per WHS requirements. The risks that may occur in the sale of liquor is obtaining a legal license. This is important as the Government of Australia is federal and the laws of one state cannot be applied in other states. The areas needed for specialised legal advice is the ways by which employment and health of the employees can be ensured. Individuals under the age of 18 cannot be employed or allowed to purchase liquor as per the rules set in the Liquor Act, 2010 (Legislation.gov.au. 2017). The standard operating procedures that are required to comply with staff requirements in the food industry of Australia and New Zealand is to ensure that the employees maintain proper health conditions. The employees involved in the handling of food require washing hands and fingers thoroughly in order to avoid any infections. The staffs need to dry the hands using sterilised towels instead of paper towels to prevent recontamination of the hands. Listing requirements to comply with food act in state and local level In order to organise the local Government requirements as per food act in state and local level, it is required that the Government of Australia maintain provisions that prevent the overlapping of the rules in different states. As stated earlier, Australia is a federal Government meaning that rules of one state cannot be applied in other standards. AIIT hotel consists of a head chef, sous-chef, chefs and apprentices. Thus, it is required that the state and local level of the counties engage in employment health that requires maintaining proper employment rules. The employees need to be paid minimum wages in order to maintain the satisfaction of the employees. Penalties may apply if the rules are violated in the kitchen. The location of AIIT hotel requires the legalisation of liquor stores under the New South Wales Government policies. As per the standards set by the State Government, it is required that the licensing legislation used for recruiting nine floors and bar staff need to be licensed under the Liquor Act, 2010. The company need to be legalised under the on-premises subsidiary license. This provides permission to sell alcohol as a secondary product of the restaurant. The bar license is also required in order to maintain the business activity of selling liquor as a premium consumption for the individuals. The licensing need to have a capacity of 60 seats within the premises for people engaged in the consumption of alcoholic drinks (Foodstandards.gov.au 2017). Providing overview of legal tax obligations In order to ensure that fines and penalties regarding the payment of taxes are avoided, it is necessary that the managers of AIIT comply with the payment of taxes management. This includes remaining aware of the due dates that are required to be maintained for the payment of tax. In this regard, it can be said that the managers need to clear off the dues at the end of a financial year. This is applicable as the Australian Income Tax Act, 1997 (Unimelb.libguides.com 2017). As per the National Employment Standards, AIIT needs to recruit people based on the promise of paying maximum weekly wage. The selection of the candidates needs to be done in an unbiased manner with leaves given to the employees as fixed annual leave and parental leave. The National Employment Standards normally promote a safe working environment of the people (Austlii.edu.au 2017). The WHS requirements of the company include the prevention of bullying and harassment in the workplace. In order to do so, the company have set up policies that prevent the bullying and harassment of the employees. Penalties may apply to the extent that employees may be terminated from work due to the practice of such illegal acts (Fairwork.gov.au 2017). In order to ensure that the operational non-compliance is reduced in the organisation, it is necessary that the managers of AIIT maintain records in order to avoid controversies. The consistency can be maintained if the managers conduct a thorough checking of the legal applications that are required for maintaining a successful business. The monitoring system can help in implementing any modifications that are required for the smooth running of the organisation. The systems can be used to identify any breach in the departments of an organisation that does not comply with the working of the organisation. In order to remain updated with the changes in legislation, it is necessary that the managers of AIIT keep information from various sources. These sources include searching the web, following newspapers and news channels regularly in order to remain updated about the changes. This can help in providing suitable information to the employees as well. The staffs can be updated by publishing the changes in the bulletin boards and conducting a meeting. Managers need to encourage the staffs to remain updated regarding the legislation by collecting relevant information from the web. Responsibilities at every level need to be documented by the managers. The documentation that can be used to maintain compliance and improve on the activities of the organisation includes formulating contracts that need to maintain restrictions and policies regarding the improvements. This can be managed by updating the policies of AIIT and encourage changes in practises. Reference Austlii.edu.au. (2017).All Databases. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/databases.html [Accessed 29 Oct. 2017]. Fairwork.gov.au. (2017).Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. [online] Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed 29 Oct. 2017]. Foodstandards.gov.au. (2017).Food law, treaties and agreements. [online] Available at: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/about/foodlawandtreaties/pages/default.aspx [Accessed 29 Oct. 2017]. Infrastructure.gov.au. (2017).Guidelines for Issuing and Administration of Liquor Licences. [online] Available at: https://infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/airport/planning/liquorguidelines_3.aspx [Accessed 29 Oct. 2017]. Legislation.act.gov.au. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.act.gov.au/a/2010-35/current/pdf/2010-35.pdf [Accessed 29 Oct. 2017]. Legislation.gov.au. (2017).Federal Register of Legislation. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/ [Accessed 29 Oct. 2017]. Safeworkaustralia.gov.au. (2017).Model WHS Laws. [online] Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/law-and-regulation/model-whs-laws [Accessed 29 Oct. 2017]. Unimelb.libguides.com. (2017).LibGuides: Australian Taxation Law: Legislation. [online] Available at: https://unimelb.libguides.com/australian_taxation_law/legislation [Accessed 29 Oct. 2017].